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Gender effect in experimental models of human medulloblastoma: Does the estrogen receptor β signaling play a role?

TitoloGender effect in experimental models of human medulloblastoma: Does the estrogen receptor β signaling play a role?
Tipo di pubblicazioneArticolo su Rivista peer-reviewed
Anno di Pubblicazione2014
AutoriCiucci, A., Meco D., De Stefano Ilaria, Travaglia D., Zannoni G.F., Scambia G., Riccardi R., Saran Anna, Mancuso Mariateresa, and Gallo D.
RivistaPLoS ONE
Volume9
ISSN19326203
Parole chiave1, 2, 3, 3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionitrile, 5 tris(4 hydroxyphenyl) 4 propylpyrazole, 5-tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-propyl-1H-pyrazole, agonists, androgen receptor, androstanolone, animal, animal experiment, animal model, animal tissue, Animals, Apoptosis, article, Biological, carcinogenesis, Cell cycle, cell cycle progression, Cell Line, cell proliferation, Cerebellar Neoplasms, cerebellum tumor, cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1, diarylpropionitrile, Dihydrotestosterone, drug effects, estradiol, estrogen receptor alpha, estrogen receptor beta, experimental model, Female, glial fibrillary acidic protein, human, human cell, Humans, in vitro study, in vivo study, Ki 67 antigen, male, medulloblastoma, metabolism, Mice, mouse, nestin, neuron specific enolase, nitrile, Nitriles, nonhuman, nude mouse, Pathology, pathophysiology, phenol derivative, Phenols, protein ERbeta1, protein ERbeta2, protein ERbeta5, protein expression, protein p53, pyrazole derivative, Pyrazoles, Sex Characteristics, sex difference, sexual development, signal transduction, somatomedin C, Tumor, tumor cell culture, tumor cell line, tumor differentiation, tumor growth, tumor marker, Tumor Markers, tumor xenograft, unclassified drug, wild type
Abstract

Background: The male-to-female sex ratio for medulloblastoma (MB) is approximately 1.5:1, female gender being also a favorable prognostic factor. This study aimed at evaluating the impact of gender on MB tumorigenesis. Methods: In vitro activity of 17β-estradiol (E2), DPN [2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionitrile, a selective estrogen receptor β (ERβ)-agonist], PPT [4,4′,4″-(4-Propyl-[1H]-pyrazole-1,3,5- triyl) trisphenol, a selective ERα-agonist] or DHT (5 alphadihydrotestosterone) was evaluated in three human MB cell lines. D283 Med cells were transplanted into athymic mice. Results: A significant expression of ERβ, with little or no ERα, and low AR (androgen receptor) was found in MB cell lines. The compounds tested did not affect cell proliferation. In vivo, we observed a significantly lower growth of D283 Med in nude female mice compared to males. At microscopic examination, tumors from females showed a shift towards differentiation, as evaluated by lower nestin, and higher NSE (neuron-specific enolase) and GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) expression compared to males. Tumors from females also showed lower Ki67 and p53 expression. The wild-type ERβ protein (ERβ1) was lost in male tumors, while it was a permanent feature in females, and a strong negative correlation was found between Ki67 and ERβ1 expression. Conversely, tumor levels of ERβ2 and ERβ5 did not significantly differ between genders. Increased levels of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 were observed in females, suggesting that estrogen may decrease tumor growth through blocking cell cycle progression. An inhibition of the insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) signaling was also evident in females. Conclusion: We provides mechanistic evidence supporting the idea that ERβ1 signaling may have pro-differentiation and tumor suppressive function in medulloblastomas. © 2014 Ciucci et al.

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URLhttps://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84904310272&doi=10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0101623&partnerID=40&md5=0def30a7d57bff63d34e0d0a393fc5d6
DOI10.1371/journal.pone.0101623
Citation KeyCiucci2014