Over the past 20 years, sustainability has become a central issue on the manufacturing and political agenda, and it has recently grown in importance in light of increasingly powerful and devastating climate events. In this chapter, a strategic action line to support companies is proposed to implement industrial sustainability (LI2) by means of strategies, methods and tools to implement sustainable production processes at an environmental, economic and social level, reducing dependence on the external supply of critical production resources or on resources penalized by the laws in force. Priority research actions proposed concern new solutions to reduce noxious or polluting emissions from production processes; methods and techniques for strategic product-process evaluation from a Life-Cycle-Thinking perspective; technologies and processes for the reuse, re-manufacturing and recycling of products, components and materials from used products or maintenance processes; systems and methods for measuring and implementing Sustainable Supply Chains and Closed-Loop Supply Chains. © The Author(s) 2024.

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