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Physico-chemical properties and biological effects of diesel and biomass particles

TitlePhysico-chemical properties and biological effects of diesel and biomass particles
Publication TypeArticolo su Rivista peer-reviewed
Year of Publication2016
AuthorsLonghin, E., Gualtieri Maurizio, Capasso L., Bengalli R., Mollerup S., Holme J.A., Øvrevik J., Casadei S., Di Benedetto C., Parenti P., and Camatini M.
JournalEnvironmental Pollution
Volume215
Pagination366-375
ISSN02697491
Keywordsadverse effects, air pollutant, Air Pollutants, analysis, biofuel, biofuels, Biomass, cell culture, Cells, chemistry, Cultured, cytology, drug effects, environmental exposure, exhaust gas, fossil fuel, Fossil fuels, genetics, heating, human, Humans, inflammation, lung, metabolism, metal, Metals, Oxidative stress, particle size, particulate matter, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, procedures, Respiratory Mucosa, Soot, Vehicle Emissions, xenobiotic agent, Xenobiotics
Abstract

Diesel combustion and solid biomass burning are the major sources of ultrafine particles (UFP) in urbanized areas. Cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, including lung cancer, are possible outcomes of combustion particles exposure, but differences in particles properties seem to influence their biological effects. Here the physico-chemical properties and biological effects of diesel and biomass particles, produced under controlled laboratory conditions, have been characterized. Diesel UFP were sampled from a Euro 4 light duty vehicle without DPF fuelled by commercial diesel and run over a chassis dyno. Biomass UFP were collected from a modern automatic 25 kW boiler propelled by prime quality spruce pellet. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of both diesel and biomass samples showed aggregates of soot particles, but in biomass samples ash particles were also present. Chemical characterization showed that metals and PAHs total content was higher in diesel samples compared to biomass ones. Human bronchial epithelial (HBEC3) cells were exposed to particles for up to 2 weeks. Changes in the expression of genes involved in xenobiotic metabolism were observed after exposure to both UFP already after 24 h. However, only diesel particles modulated the expression of genes involved in inflammation, oxidative stress and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), increased the release of inflammatory mediators and caused phenotypical alterations, mostly after two weeks of exposure. These results show that diesel UFP affected cellular processes involved in lung and cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Biomass particles exerted low biological activity compared to diesel UFP. This evidence emphasizes that the study of different emission sources contribution to ambient PM toxicity may have a fundamental role in the development of more effective strategies for air quality improvement. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd

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URLhttps://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84967188730&doi=10.1016%2fj.envpol.2016.05.015&partnerID=40&md5=7f73372217352c77fd7f5ae35959ff17
DOI10.1016/j.envpol.2016.05.015
Citation KeyLonghin2016366